|
|
| |
|
Hyaluronic
Acid Knowledge |
|
|
Hyaluronan - Basic science |
|
Hyaluronic acid implants |
|
HA injections in the knee |
|
Hyaluronic acid injections for
OA knee |
|
Hyaluronic acid makes its mark
in anti-ageing formulations |
|
Hyaluronic acid is a compound
component of cosmetic preparations |
|
|
Sodium Hyaluronate Injection grade |
|
(Sodium
hyaluronate for Injection grade,Injection grade Sodium
hyaluronate) |
|
Hyaluronic Acid has peculiar physical and chemical property and
biologic action, widely used in medicine. It can be used as
a viscoelastic agent in artificial crystal planting in
ocular surgery, as a fill agent in osteoarthritis, also as
an agent in eye drops. It has good action of adhesion
preventives in surgerical operations and healing cuts on
skin. Compound of Hyaluronic Acid and other drug, the additive can make
the action of drug delaying. With the development of medical
technology. Hyaluronic Acid will be more widely used in medicine. |
|
| Technical standard: |
| Specification\Name |
Sodium hyaluronate Injection grade(Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate) |
| Characters |
White or almost white powder |
| Sodium hyaluronate(dry basis) |
95.0-105.0% |
| 600nm （ 1→300 ） |
≤ 0.01 |
| 260nm （ 1→300 ） |
≤ 0.5 |
| pH(0.1% Water Solution) |
5.0-8.5 |
| Transparency (0.1% Solution) |
≥ 99% |
| Loss on drying |
≤10.0% |
| Protein |
≤ 0.1% |
| Heavy metals (as Pb) |
≤ 20ppm |
| Chlorides |
≤ 0.5% |
| Intrinsic viscosity |
Practical value |
| Iron |
≤ 80ppm |
| Bacteria count |
≤ 10CFU/g |
| Bacteria Endotoxin |
≤0.05 EU/mg |
| Packing |
According to the request of the customers |
| Storage |
Stored in an airtight container at 2-8 oC |
| Validity |
Two years |
|
|
|
|
|
Hyaluronan - Basic science |
Hyaluronan is the general term designating the linear
repeating disaccharide, (beta-D-glucuronyl-beta-D-N-acetyl-glucosamine)
of very high molecular mass (upwards of 10x106 Daltons).
The molecular weight of Hyaluronan varies between
different tissues and species. It may also vary
depending on the condition of the tissue. For example,
the molecular weight of Hyaluronan in synovial fluid
(normally 4-5 million Daltons) is often reduced in joint
disorders. There are on average around 2500 repeating
disaccharide units in endogenous Hyaluronan and the mean
molecular weight is approximately 400 Daltons. However,
the number of repeating disaccharides in a Hyaluronan
molecule can reach 10,000 or more, with a molecular
weight of around 4 million Daltons.)
The term "Hyaluronate" was adopted when the
biopolymer was first isolated from the vitreous of
bovine eyes in 1934. However, under physiological
conditions, hyaluronan is not present in the acid form,
therefore this term is redundant. The term "sodium
hyaluronate (Sodium hyaluronate Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate)" mostly designates the highly purified,
narrow molecular weight range hyaluronan used as a
therapeutic agent. These different terms specify only
the natural, non-chemically modified biopolymer which is
present in most of the body tissues.
Hyaluronan is nearly ubiquitous in its distribution
being present in the interstitial spaces of most animal
tissues.
Its principal role is as a structural element but
functions may differ depending on its location in the
body.
Hyaluronan can also:
☺Play
a significant role in the body during repair process,
mediating cell adhesion, differentiation, motility and
blood vessel growth;
☺Retain
large quantities of water and therefore control tissue
hydration;
☺Protect
tissue against overuse and shocks by its viscoelastic
properties.
Hyaluronan depletion in tissues is often associated to
pathological states such as some cancers, skin diseases,
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and cosmetics（cosmetics）.
The human joint lined by the synovial membrane and is
filled with a viscous fluid called the synovial fluid
(SF), which can be regarded as a modified extra-cellular
fluid. Like other extra-cellular fluids, the SF acts as
a transport medium supplying the articular cartilage
with nutrients and oxygen and carrying away the waste
products of metabolism. The main component of the SF is
hyaluronan. The SF contains a complex solution of
proteins, electrolytes, uric acid and glucose, in
concentrations similar to blood plasma. Hyaluronan is
constantly produced by the synoviocytes present in the
synovial membrane and then extruded in the synovial
space. There is a strict balance between its production
and degradation.
The SF has principally protective functions in the
joint, acting as a lubricant, shock absorber and
'filter', and plays a key role in the maintenance of
joint homeostasis. An important point of hyaluronan is
that the meshworks it forms are ordered. The shapes of
the hyaluronan(Sodium hyaluronate Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate) secondary structures determine the shapes
of the aggregates, and each branch in the meshwork
carries with it two intrinsic directions, up or down,
established by the hyaluronan chains. This ordered
meshwork is of importance depending on the situation the
hyaluronan solution is placed. (Balazs et al. 1993)
Hyaluronan solutions, and as such the synovial fluid,
are viscoelastic. This means that the solution presents
viscous and elastic characteristics at the same time.
The viscosity is important providing lubrication when
the solution is subjected to gradual shear stress.
Hyaluronan solutions present non-Newtonian behaviour.
This means that the viscosity decreases when the shear
stress increases thus increasing lubrication. Example:
the synovial fluid lubricates the joint when walking.
The elasticity is important when a sudden loading force
is applied to hyaluronan solutions. In that case,
hyaluronan chains first absorb the loading force and
then release it in a proper manner (shock absorbing
properties). Example: absorption of shocks between
boneheads when running.
Due to its properties in solution hyaluronan(Injection grade Sodium
hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate Injection grade) forms meshworks that restrict the free movement of cells and
large molecules through the joint, acting as a sort of
filter. In fact the hyaluronan meshwork forms 'pores'
which allow the free passage of small molecules, such as
nutrients, but effectively block the passage of larger
molecules, such as inflammatory cells or proteins. The
hyaluronan chains are constantly moving in the solution,
and the effective "pores" in the network continuously
change in size. Statistically, all sizes of pores can
exist, but with different probabilities. This means that
in principle, all molecules can pass through a
hyaluronan network, but with different degrees of
retardation depending on their hydrodynamic volumes.
This is very important as the hyaluronan in the synovial
fluid can help to modulate the inflammatory response.
The hyaluronan contained in the SF also helps to form a
coating layer over the entire inner surface of the
joint. This layer is formed mainly from hyaluronan, in
association with proteins, and is approximately 2um
thick. It plays several important roles in the
protection of the articular cartilage including
lubrication and a 'barrier function'. The hyaluronan
layer is constantly degraded and renewed.
The SF constantly supplies the hyaluronan(Sodium hyaluronate Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate) layer with new
molecules. In the healthy joint, this constant process
is very important in the maintenance of joint
homeostasis. Hyaluronan is present at different levels
in the joint (Abatangelo et al. 1995). At each level,
hyaluronan will play a different role: In the synovial
tissues thus forming a protective barrier: this barrier
protects the synovium against inflammatory mediators and
shields pain receptors from pain mediators thus
modulating pain perception; ß (fibroblast-like) cells of
the synovium and is secreted into the synovial fluid. |
|
Article Source:: |
|
http://www.thekneedoc.co.uk/content.asp?section=20&parentID=1&article=86 |
|
Back To Topp |
|
|
|
HA injections in the knee |
The principles behind Hyaluronan Injections(Injection grade Sodium
hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate Injection grade) are to
decrease pain and improve function in patients with
joint pain.
Hyaluronan injections (Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate Injection grade) have been shown to have the
following beneficial effects on joints:
1.They replace some of the normal ingredients found in
synovial fluid (hyaluronans) improving the lubricating
ability.
2.They help to stimulate the joint lining (the synovium)
manufacture more normal synovial fluid.
3.The Hyaluronan coats the lining of the damaged joint
surfaces, covering pain nerve endings. This reduces pain
and protects the joint surfaces from joint inflammation.
4.Hyaluronans also act directly to reduce inflammation
in a joint, like a steroid, but without the harmful
side-effects of steroids.
Hyaluronic Acid injections (Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate Injection grade) into the knee joint are a
very effective tool to treat:
■■ ■■Patients with early stage arthritis who wish to
decrease their pain and increase their function.
■Patients with more advanced arthritis who would like to
postpone the need for a total joint replacement.
■
|
|
Article Source:: |
|
http://www.thekneedoc.co.uk/content.asp?section=20&parentID=1&article=88 |
|
Back To Top |
|
|
|
Hyaluronic acid injections for
OA knee |
Hyaluronate acids(Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate Injection grade) are large glucosminoglycans in synovial
fluid. They have high but variable molecular weight and
viscosity, and injecting them into the knee joint is
aimed at providing lubrication and shock absorption.
Usually three to five weekly injections (Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate
Injection grade) comprise a
course of treatment.
There has been a degree of controversy over efficacy of
this treatment, and two new systematic reviews [1,2] are
sceptical. There are a number of variables, including
the molecular weight of the hyaluro-nic acid preparation
used, over what period injections are given, when
benefits might be seen, and what those benefits are.
Systematic reviews
The first had a wide search strategy to February 2003
and included only randomised trials, of at least single
blind, testing intra-articular hyaluro-nic acid
administered at least weekly for three weeks, against
intra-articular placebo, in patients with osteoarthritis
(OA). Pain had to be measured and reported using
standard pain measures in osteoarthritis. The second [2]
used a similar strategy to October 2002, included case
series, but excluded trials before 1995 in order to
examine the most up-to-date literature.
Results
The first review included 22 trials, 19 published
in full, with 2949 patients. Trial size was 24 to 408
participants. Effect size was calculated for each study,
and pooled. Of the 22 trials, only three individually
had a statistically significant effect size. Overall the
effect size was 0.3 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.5), indicating a
small effect. Omitting three trials with the largest
molecular weight (6,000 kD), the effect size was even
smaller at 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3).
Three trials (268 patients) used 6,000 kD Hyaluronate, one of which was very small, with just 30
patients. The two larger studies differed in their
conclusion, one with a very large effect size, and one
no different from placebo.
The second review included 13 randomised trials and five
case series. The randomised trials were included in the
first review. Three of the five case series were
prospective, were small, and lasted six months to two
years. Three used 6,000 kD hyaluronic acid, but only one
was prospective. All reported some degree of pain relief
in some patients.
Adverse events reported included injection (Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate Injection grade) site pain and
swelling in 2% to 23% of injections. Gastrointestinal
adverse events and back pain were also reported.
Comment
The sort of effect size seen in these trials is small,
about that for the effect of NSAIDs over paracetamol.
The result itself is not robust. Trials were often
small, there was clinical heterogeneity regarding type
of hyaluro-nic acid, dose, outcome measured, and duration
of the study (which could have been six weeks to a
year). So even the small effect seen might be
overstated. Most of the randomised trials were company
sponsored.
The evidence for a big effect is underwhelming. The
evidence for any effect carries limited weight. The
evidence is that there will be harm to be balanced
against any small benefit. Not entirely convincing,
this.
The real disappointment comes from the reporting. Effect
size is not intuitively helpful, though it is useful
when trying to pool information from different outcomes.
Bandolier looks for outcomes that are more meaningful,
like patients improved, or changes in a scale, or,
better still, some clinically useful but simply
described outcome that we can understand. Then we have
the chance of comparing interventions, and can check
whether the patients in different trials are the same.
Here we failed. |
|
Article Source: |
|
http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band123/b123-4.html |
|
Back To Top |
|
|
|
Hyaluronic acid is a compound
component of cosmetic preparations |
Time severely messes with female beauty. Over time the
skin （cosmetics）of your face and body loses elasticity and
softness. The skin droops, wrinkles, pleats are formed （cosmetics）,
and the pigment spots start to form. The aging of the
skin and of the entire organism is an irreversible
process generally. Although this process can't be
stopped it can be slowed down. For hundreds of years,
scientists have already thought about this problem.
However, the formula for eternal youth has not been
discovered yet.
For many centuries, ancient wise men and medieval
alchemists have vainly been looking for the recipe for
youth and beauty. Women tried to struggle with their
aging skin （cosmetics） with the help of domestic products and
magical potions. However, in the 19th century,
scientists for the first time faced the issue of aging
skin. One of the basic symptoms of aging and withering
skin is that it starts to sag. In this case, the skin of
cheeks and cheekbones sag and form so-called bulldog
cheeks. This process changes the form of the face by
turning the corners of the lips down that gives your
face a sad, disappointed, or even whining expression.
The shape of the oval face changes and all proportions
of the face are broken.
The sagging of the skin （cosmetics） occurs because there is a loss
of elasticity that in turn, happens because of the
dehydration of the skin and the infringement of the
water balance in large amounts. The coordination of the
water balance in the entire organism is carried out by
some important fibers, vitamins, and acids. One of the
most important acids responsible for the normalization
of the skin's water balance is Hyaluronate. Hyaluronate(Sodium hyaluronate Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate) is a specific polysaccharide that is a
part of all intracellular liquids and is a connecting
fabric in all vertebrates. This acid is contained in the
glassy body of an eye and articulate liquid.
Hyaluro-nic acid provides the consumption of water by
skin （cosmetics） cells taking into account the hydrophilic processes
in the molecule of an acid. Molecules of water make
contact with the hydrophilic processes that are resting
in a molecule of hyaluro-nic acid owing the remaining
moisture that is strongly kept in a cell. Careful and
detailed researchers of hyaluro-nic acid properties have
pushed scientists to try and use this acid in
cosmetology. Rather recently producers of cosmetics have
started applying hyaluro-nic acid humidifying creams,
masks, and gels to their product lines. Earlier with the
purpose of humidifying, skin glycerin was actively
applied.
In cosmetic preparations, hyaluro-nic acid is a very
essential ingredient that doesn't reduce its activity
and moisture holding ability. In order to simply the
penetration of an acid molecule in a cell, hyaluro-nic
acid is chemically connected with colloidal particles of
a cream or mask. Penetrating in the skin's pores in the
deep layers of epidermis that is combined with a
substance of cosmetic preparation, hyaluronic acid
(Sodium hyaluronate Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate) renders the effect of moisture retention.
According to some medical data, the humidifying of the
skin （cosmetics） is due to using cosmetic preparations with
hyaluro-nic acid has raise it 15 to 25 percent and that
appears to be quite a good result. However, according to
the opinion of some scientists hyaluro-nic acid not only
retains moisture in skin, but also extends water to the
deeper layers of skin. By taking water from the deep
layers of the skin, the acid dehydrates it even more,
and that speeds up the aging and sagging process of the
skin （cosmetics）.
Since last year, full scale research has been done in
Europe, whose purpose turned out to define the true
influence of hyaluro-nic acid (Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate
Injection grade) on the processes of
humidifying and moisture-holding of the skin. The result
of this research is expected in 2006. |
|
Article Source: |
|
http://www.syl.com/hb/hyaluronicacidisacompoundcomponentofcosmeticpreparations.html |
|
Back To Top |
|
|
|
Hyaluronic acid makes its mark
in anti-ageing formulations |
Hyaluronic acid has made the jump into the global
cosmetics market with the launch of the Estee Lauder's
Perfectionist skin care range. With the ingredient
already proving a hit in the US market for cosmetic,
nutritional and medical products, Europe is now starting
to wake up to its potential benefits.
HA is a mucopolysacharide that exists naturally in all
living organisms. In humans it is found in larger
concentrations in the articular joints, eye fluid and,
most abundantly, in the skin.
As the protein can hold up to 1000 times its own weigh
in water it is known to play a vital part in the ageing
process once levels are depleted in the skin.
Maintaining levels of HA, whether it be through
supplements, topical applications or injections, is said
to reduce wrinkles caused by dehydration and general
ageing.
In the search for increasingly effective and
non-invasive ways of fighting skin ageing, cosmetic
companies are spending increasing dividends to develop
products that feature HA.
In 2004 HA became the talk of the town in the US after
Hyaluro-nic Acid filler facial injections started to
become popular as a means of wiping out wrinkles for up
to six weeks.
Further to this it then became popular in the US as a
lip plumper in the form of City Lips by City Lips
Cosmetics. The product apparently stimulates the lips
into producing its own HA and collagen, which in turn is
said to leave lips looking fuller, without resorting to
injections.
Other cosmetic companies in the US that have focused on
launching beauty serums that incorporate HA into the
formulations in an effort to maintain skin （cosmetics） smoothness
and elasticity. According to E-HyaluronicAcid.com, these
products include HA Gold Derma Beauty Serum Health
Logics and Hyalruonic Serum - Skin Eternal Source
Naturals.
But beauty products featuring HA are not just restricted
to beauty serums. Moisturizers, creams, shampoos,
conditioners and bath oils have also been launched by
companies such as Now Foods, Skin External Products and
Hyalogic.
Estee Lauder is the first of the mass market cosmetic
companies to incorporate HA into anti-ageing product
lines, and in doing so is the first to make a major move
into the European market. Following the launch of the
Perfectionist range in the US, it was then given a
global roll-out, where it has been reportedly well
received in markets such as France and the UK.
But there is one draw-back associated with the protein.
Its price. Because of the complexity of the extraction
process the costs associated with producing it means
that it is destined to remain a premium product.
Currently the Perfectionist CP+ range retails at €72.50
in Europe, reflecting the €100 per 1000mg price-tag for
the protein.
However, as production is being stepped in China to meet
global demands, the prospect is that HA will become more
widely available on the global market and that prices
will eventually fall. |
|
Article Source: |
|
http://www.cosmeticsdesign-europe.com/Formulation-Science/Hyaluronic-acid-makes-its-mark-in-anti-ageing-formulations |
|
Back To Top |
|
|
|
Hyaluronic acid implants |
Hyaluro-nic acid (Sodium hyaluronate Injection
grade,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection
grade,Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate) therapy is becoming a popular choice as a
temporary filler for facial augmentation. It is a safe,
non-surgical procedure that conveniently softens facial
lines and furrows. It also has the added benefit of not
requiring skin （cosmetics） testing before use. Products available
include Hylaform®, Restylane®, Perlane® , Juvéderm™,
Esthélis®. Captique™, Prevelle™, Puragen™, and Elevess™.
Tiny quantities of hyaluro-nic acid are injected through
very fine needles, boosting the skin's own hyaluro-nic
acid. Depending how many lines are treated, the
treatment takes 20 minutes to an hour, with minimal
discomfort (especially with products that contain local anaesthetic agents).
The effects can be maintained by small ‘top-up’
treatments as required, generally about twice a year.
What is hyaluronic acid?
Hyaluronate(Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate
Injection grade) is a natural substance that is found in
all living organisms. High concentrations are found in
soft connective tissue and in the fluid surrounding the
eye. It is also present in some cartilage and joint
fluids, and in skin（cosmetics） tissue.
In skin tissue, hyaluro-nic acid(Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate
Injection grade) is a jelly-like
substance that fills the space between collagen and elastin fibres. The role of hyaluro-nic acid in skin is
to:
provide a mechanism of transport of essential nutrients
from the bloodstream to living skin cells
hydrate the skin by holding in water
act as a cushioning and lubricating agent against
mechanical and chemical damage.
Over time, either through the natural process of aging
or through exposure to environmental factors such as
pollutants and sunlight, the body's natural store of
hyaluro-nic acid is degraded and destroyed.
In the last 30 years synthetic forms of hyaluro-nic acid
have been developed and used to correct disorders in the
fields of rheumatology, ophthalmology, and wound repair.
More recently, synthetic forms of hyaluro-nic acid are
being manufactured for use in facial augmentation. Brand
names of manufactured hyaluronic gels for this purpose
include Hylaform® (includes Hylaform Fine Line &
Hylaform Plus – Hylan B), Restylane® (non-animal
stabilised hyaluro-nic acid), Perlane®, Juvederm®,
Rofilan Hylan® and AcHyal®.
Where can hyaluronic acid injections be used?
Hyaluronic acid injections (Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate
Injection grade) can be used as a dermal
filler to improve the skin's contour and reduce
depressions in the skin due to scars, injury or lines.
Facial lines and features that can be corrected using
hyaluro-nic acid implantation include:
·Frown
lines that run between the eyebrows (glabellar lines)
·Smoker's
lines which are vertical lines on the mouth (perioral
lines)
·Marionette
lines at the corner of the mouth (oral commissures)
·Worry
lines that run across the forehead (forehead lines)
·Crow's
feet at the corner of the eyes (periorbital lines)
·Deep
smile lines that run from side of the nose to corners of
the mouth (nasolabial furrows)
·Cheek
depressions
·Redefining
lip border
·Acne
scars
·Some
facial scars
Am I suitable for hyaluronic acid therapy?
Almost all people are suitable for hyaluro-nic acid(Injection grade Sodium hyaluronate,Sodium hyaluronate for Injection grade,Sodium hyaluronate
Injection grade)
therapy. Because hyaluro-nic acid is chemically identical
within and between species, allergy to it is very rare.
Thus, unlike bovine collagen implants, manufacturers
claim there is not the need to perform a skin（cosmetics）allergy
test and wait up to 8 weeks for results before
commencing treatments. You should discuss with your
doctor about whether or not you require a skin (cosmetics) allergy
test with hyaluro-nic acid before commencing therapy.
Hyaluro-nic acid therapy is suitable for patients
allergic to bovine collagen.
How is hyaluronic acid treatment given?
Treatments are carried out at a medical center by a
trained doctor or supervised nurse.
Procedure for hyaluro-nic acid treatments:
1.Wash your face thoroughly.
2.The treatment area is wiped with an antiseptic.
3.Local anaesthetic may be used to numb the treatment
area.
4.Injection method used depends on the doctor but will
be either the serial intradermal puncture technique
(series of small injections with a very fine needle) or
tunnel or threading technique (needle is withdrawn as
the hyaluro-nic acid is injected).
5.Depending on the area treated, the skin (cosmetics) may be lightly
massaged.
6.Immediately or within a few hours after injection the
site may be red and swollen. This usually disappears
within a week.
7.Another one or two treatments (at least a week apart)
may be necessary to achieve the desired correction.
How long do hyaluro-nic acid implants last?
Hyaluro-nic acid implantation is not permanent. Like
natural hyaluro-nic acid, manufactured Hyaluronate
once injected into the skin (cosmetics) will gradually break down
and be absorbed by the body. In most cases, the
augmentation usually lasts anywhere between 3-9 months.
To maintain the initial results, repeat treatments or
top-up treatments will be necessary. Most people have 2
to 3 treatments per year.
Are there any side effects from hyaluronic acid
therapy?
Hyaluro-nic acid therapy is generally very well
tolerated. At the time of treatments most patients
report minor discomfort. This is minimized by the use of
a local anaesthetic. Immediately after treatment the
area may be red, swollen and tender, this usually
improves within a few days. Rarely, allergic reactions
to hyaluro-nic acid have been reported. These are
generally red and/or thickened nodules arising in the
injected sites and may persist for several weeks or
months. |
|
Article Source: |
|
http://dermnetnz.org/procedures/hyaluronic.html |
|
Back To Top |
|
| |
|
